Acute pancreatitis due to leptospira: An uncommon case report of a common zoonosis

Abstract

Leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, causes over one million cases and about 59,000 deaths annually. It is transmitted through contact with infected animal urine, primarily from rodents, and worsened by poor sanitation and favorable climate. Although Colombia saw a significant decline in cases from 2018 to 2022, severe forms of the disease, including rare complications like acute pancreatitis, still pose significant health risks.
A 49-year-old male presented with symptoms including abdominal pain, jaundice, and severe thrombocytopenia. Despite initial normal tests, leptospirosis was eventually diagnosed after further testing revealed elevated lipase levels and imaging confirmed severe pancreatitis. The patient received antibiotics and intensive care, leading to recovery and confirmation of leptospirosis through serology.
Leptospirosis can cause severe multi-organ complications, including rare cases of pancreatitis. This case underscores the need for early diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis to manage such complications effectively. Environmental factors and rodent control are crucial for prevention, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive management and preventive measures.