Evaluation of the triflumuron and the mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis plus Bacillus sphaericus for control of the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in catch basins
Keywords:
pest control, biological, efficacy, Bacillus, Aedes, Culex
Abstract
Introduction. In Cali, Colombia, catch basins (streetside storm drains) are one of the main larval habitats of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Since 1999, these mosquitoes have been controlled by the Secretaría de Salud Municipal (Secretary of Municipal Public Health) using the larvicide triflumuron. Because of high densities of these mosquitoes that remain in the city, treatment failure was suspected -possibly insecticide resistance of the target species.Objectives. The efficacy of triflumuron and VectoMax® (biorational mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis plus Bacillus sphaericus) were evaluated in the control of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus in catch basins. The residual effect of a single application of the biorational formulation was determined in catch basins during periods of high and low rainfall.
Materials and methods. The efficacy of the products was measured in 60 catch basins located in a residential neighborhood of Cali for a period of 90 days. The mean number of immature.
Control de estadios inmaduros de mosquitos en sumideros instars ( A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae of both species) was determined biweekly from 40 catch basins with insecticide intervention (20 treated with triflumuron, 20 with VectoMax®) and 20 untreated (control group). The residual effect of the biorational larvicide was evaluated biweekly in 10 catch basins during each of the 2 climatic periods.
Results. The catch basins treated with VectoMax® presented a significantly lower mean number of immature instars of both species compared with the control ( p<0.01). In contrast, the triflumuron treatment significantly reduced only immature instars of A. aegypti compared with the control ( p<0.001). The residual effect of VectoMax® was higher during low rainfall compared to the control ( p<0.001).
Conclusion. The biorational formulation was the more effective treatment for the control of both species during the period of evaluation (15 days).
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References
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17. Sih A. Antipredator responses and the perception of danger by mosquito larvae. Ecology. 1986;67:434-41.
18. Satizábal Rengifo ME. Control biológico de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) con Mesocyclops longisetus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) en sumideros de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia (tesis). Cali: Universidad del Valle; 1999.
19. Morales CA. Evaluación de la eficacia de triflumurón (ingrediente activo de Starycide®) en el control de larvas de Aedes aegypti y Culex spp. en sumideros de Cali, Colombia. Salud Pública-Bayer. 2002;17:66-71.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pictorial keys to arthropods, reptiles, birds and mammals of public health significance. U.S. Departament of health & human services-CDC. Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Pictorial_Keys.htm
21. Lane R. Neotropical Culicidae. Dixinae, Chaoborinae and Culicinae, tribes Anophelini, Toxorhynchitini and Culicini (Genus Culex only). Sao Paulo: University of Sao Paulo;1953. 22. Prieto AV, Suárez MF, González R. Suceptibilidad de dos poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) de Cali (Valle, Colombia) a Temefos (Abate®) y Triflumuron (Starycide®). Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 2002;28:175-8.
2. World Health Organization. Integrated vector control. Seventh Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Technical Report Series 688. Geneva: WHO; 1983.
3. Woodring J, Davidson EW. Biological control of mosquitoes. En: Beaty BJ, Marquardt WC, editors. The biology of disease vectors. Colorado: University Press of Colorado; 1996. p. 530-48.
4. Wirth MC, Georghiou GP, Federici BA. CytA enables CryIV endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis to overcome high levels of CryIV resistance in the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:10536-40.
5. Cupp EW, Travi BL, González R. Filariasis. En: Travi BL, Montoya-Lerma J, editores. Manual de entomología médica para investigadores de América Latina. Cali: Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas CIDEIM; 1994.
6. Fonseca DM, Keyghobadi N, Malcolm CA, Mehmet C, Schaffner F, Mogi M, et al. Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science. 2004;303:1535-8.
7. Suárez-Rubio M, Suárez M. The use of the copepod Mesocyclops longisetus as a biological control agent for Aedes aegypti in Cali, Colombia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2004;20:401-4.
8. De la Fuente J. Zoología de los artópodos Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana; 1994.
9. Batra CP, Mittal PK, Adak T, Ansari MA. Efficacy of IGR compound Starycide 480 SC (Triflumuron) against mosquito larvae in clear and polluted water. J Vector Borne Dis. 2005;42:109-16.
10. Darriet F, Carnevale P, Robert V. Laboratory and field evaluation of the activity of an ecdysoid-type insect growth inhibitor, Triflumuron (OMS-2015), on Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1985.
11. Regis L, Silva-Filha MH, Nielsen-LeRoux C, Charles JF. Bacteriological larvicides of dipteran disease vectors. Trends Parasitol. 2001;17:377-80.
12. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. Diccionario geográfico de Colombia. Segunda edición. Tomo I. Bogotá: Subdirección de Investigación y Divulgación Geográfica; 1980.
13. Ministerio de la Protección Social. SIVIGILA, Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública. Prevención y control del dengue. Informe Ejecutivo Semanal. 2001 Semana epidemiológica No. 42. Octubre 14 al 20 de 2001.
14. Ministerio de la Protección Social. SIVIGILA, Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública. Comportamiento por regiones del dengue en el 2001. 2002 Semana Epidemiológica No. 2. Enero 06 a 12 de 2002.
15. Laguado J, Alvis N, Máttar S. Investigación de un brote de fiebre de origen desconocido en una localidad colombiana del Caribe. Colombia Médica 2005;36:254-62.
16. IDEAM-Estación Base Aérea Marco Fidel Suárez. Valores diarios de precipitación, humedad relativa y temperatura. Bogotá, D.C.: Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM); 2005.
17. Sih A. Antipredator responses and the perception of danger by mosquito larvae. Ecology. 1986;67:434-41.
18. Satizábal Rengifo ME. Control biológico de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) con Mesocyclops longisetus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) en sumideros de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia (tesis). Cali: Universidad del Valle; 1999.
19. Morales CA. Evaluación de la eficacia de triflumurón (ingrediente activo de Starycide®) en el control de larvas de Aedes aegypti y Culex spp. en sumideros de Cali, Colombia. Salud Pública-Bayer. 2002;17:66-71.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pictorial keys to arthropods, reptiles, birds and mammals of public health significance. U.S. Departament of health & human services-CDC. Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Pictorial_Keys.htm
21. Lane R. Neotropical Culicidae. Dixinae, Chaoborinae and Culicinae, tribes Anophelini, Toxorhynchitini and Culicini (Genus Culex only). Sao Paulo: University of Sao Paulo;1953. 22. Prieto AV, Suárez MF, González R. Suceptibilidad de dos poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) de Cali (Valle, Colombia) a Temefos (Abate®) y Triflumuron (Starycide®). Revista Colombiana de Entomología. 2002;28:175-8.
How to Cite
1.
Ocampo CB, Giraldo Calderon GI, Perez M, Morales CA. Evaluation of the triflumuron and the mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis plus Bacillus sphaericus for control of the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in catch basins. Biomed. [Internet]. 2008 Jun. 1 [cited 2025 Apr. 5];28(2):224-33. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/93
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