Herramientas no invasivas en Venezuela: comparación entre las pruebas inmunoserológicas DAT, rK26 y rK39 en el diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral
Keywords:
leishmaniasis visceral/diagnóstico, pruebas de aglutinación, prueba ELISA, cromatografía en papel, Leishmania infantum, humanos, Venezuela
Abstract
Introducción. La leishmaniasis visceral constituye un problema de salud pública en los países en donde es endémica por ser potencialmente letal, principalmente en niños. El diagnóstico rápido es importante en el control de la enfermedad.Objetivo. Comparar las pruebas inmunocromatográficas rK39 (rK39 dipstick, Kalazar detect test, Inbios Internacional Inc.), ELISA rK26 y la prueba de aglutinación directa (Kit Biomedical Research) en relación con la prueba de ELISA rK39, como herramientas serodiagnósticas para la leishmaniasis visceral en Venezuela.
Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 50 muestras séricas de pacientes positivos por la prueba ELISA rK39, provenientes de diferentes zonas endémicas: Nueva Esparta, Lara, Anzoátegui y Trujillo; se incluyeron 17 muestras de voluntarios sanos y 25 de pacientes con otras enfermedades. Se utilizó la prueba ELISA rK39 como método de referencia, considerándola como patrón de referencia imperfecto, a partir del cual se determinaron los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, razón de verosimilitud y valores diagnóstico positivo y negativo en las demás pruebas evaluadas.
Resultados. Todas las pruebas mostraron una fuerte correlación (p<0,0001) con la ELISA rK39. La aglutinación directa y la prueba inmunocromatográfica rK39 presentaron altos valores de sensibilidad, 89,74% (IC95% 81,34-98,15) y 94,15% (IC95% 87,65-100), respectivamente, y de especificidad, 81% (IC95% 79,96-99,51) y 100% (IC95% 100-100). La prueba ELISA rK26, a pesar de poseer buena especificidad, 99% (IC95% 95,17-100), tuvo baja sensibilidad, 37% (IC95% 23,41-50,15).
Conclusión. Las pruebas de aglutinación directa y la prueba inmunocromatográfica rK39 presentaron los mayores valores de sensibilidad y especificidad. Ambas son simples, económicas y fácilmente aplicables. Por ello, son recomendables para efectuar un diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral eficaz y precoz en Venezuela.
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How to Cite
1.
Terán-Ángel G, Rodríguez V, Silva R, Zerpa O, Schallig H, Ulrich M, et al. Herramientas no invasivas en Venezuela: comparación entre las pruebas inmunoserológicas DAT, rK26 y rK39 en el diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral. Biomed. [Internet]. 2010 Mar. 1 [cited 2026 Jan. 14];30(1):39-45. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/151
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