Molecular and immunological analyses suggest the absence of hydrophilic surface proteins in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis
Keywords:
Leishmania, polymerase chain reaction, cloning, molecular, molecular sequence data, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, blotting, Western
Abstract
Introduction. The genus Leishmania is divided into two subgenera: Leishmania and Viannia. The two subgenera present several important differences such as the pathology they cause in susceptible hosts, their in vitro growth behavior, their genetic characteristics, and the expression pattern of several proteins, including those of the hydrophilic surface protein family. Objective. To characterize the hydrophilic surface protein family in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis. Materials and methods. The hasp genes were amplified in L. (V.) panamensis, using specific primers previously designed to amplify this gene in Leishmania (Leishmania) major. The PCR products were cloned, sequenced, and the sequences analyzed using common bioinformatics tools. Secondly, a serological screening was undertaken with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot to detect specific antibodies against the hydrophilic surface recombinant protein from L. (L.) major. Results. A copy of a pseudogene was amplified in L. (V.) panamensis which was 60% homologous with the L. (L.) major orthologous gene. Antibodies responded to the hydrophilic surface recombinant proteins only in sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis [Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi]. Conclusión. These results suggest the lack of a functional hasp gene in L. (V.) panamensis, suggesting probably the loss of the complete gene family in this species of the Viannia subgenus.Downloads
References
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23. Alce TM, Gokool S, McGhie D, Stager S, Smith DF. Expression of hydrophilic surface proteins in infective stages of Leishmania donovani. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999;102:191-6.
24. Lainson R, Shaw JJ. Evolution, classification and geographical distribution. In: Peters W, Killick-Kendrick R, editors. The leishmaniases in biology and medicine. London: Academic Press; 1987. p. 1-120.
25. Folgueira C, Canavate C, Chicharro C, Requena JM. Genomic organization and expression of the HSP70 locus in New and Old World Leishmania species. Parasitology. 2007;134:369-77.
26. Smith DF, Peacock CS, Cruz AK. Comparative genomics: from genotype to disease phenotype in the leishmaniases. Int J Parasitol. 2007;37:1173-86.
27. Eschenlauer SC, Coombs GH, Mottram JC. PFPI-like genes are expressed in Leishmania major but are pseudogenes in other Leishmania species. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006;260:47-54.
28. Denny PW, Gokool S, Russell D, Field M, Smith D. Acylation-dependent protein export in Leishmania. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:11017-25.
29. McKean PG, Denny PW, Knuepfer E, Keen JK, Smith DF. Phenotypic changes associated with deletion and overexpression of a stage-regulated gene family in Leishmania. Cell Microbiol. 2001;3:511-23.
30. McKean PG, Trenholme KR, Rangarajan D, Keen J, Smith DF. Diversity in repeat-containing surface proteins of Leishmania major. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1997;86:225-35.
2. Vélez ID, Hendrick E, Robledo SM, Agudelo SP. Leishmaniosis cutánea en Colombia y género. Cad Saúde Pública. 2001;17:171-80.
3. Ovalle CE, Porras L, Rey M, Ríos M, Camargo YC. Distribución geográfica de especies de Leishmania aisladas de pacientes consultantes al Instituto Nacional de Dermatología Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., 1995-2005. Biomédica. 2006;26(Supl.1):145-51.
4. Lane RP. Sandflies (Phlebotominae). In: Lane RP, Crosskey RW, editors. Medical insects and arachnids. Cambridge: Chapman and Hall; 1993. p. 78-119.
5. Kedzierski L, Montgomery J, Bullen D, Curtis J, Gardiner E, Jimenez-Ruiz A, et al. A leucine-rich repeat motif of Leishmania parasite surface antigen 2 "binds to macrophages through the complement receptor 3. J Immunol. 2004;172:4902-6.
6. McMahon-Pratt D, Traub-Cseko Y, Lohman KL, Rogers DD, Beverley SM. Loss of the GP46/M-2 surface membrane glycoprotein gene family in the Leishmania braziliensis complex. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1992;50:151-60.
7. McMahon-Pratt D, Alexander J. Does the Leishmania major paradigm of pathogenesis and protection hold for New World cutaneous leishmaniases or the visceral disease?. Immunol Rev. 2004;201:206-24.
8. Marín M, Muskus C, Ramírez JR, Arbeláez LF, Alzate JF, Berberich C. The gene encoding the metacyclogenesis-associated transcript Mat-1 is conserved in the genus Leishmania and shows a tendency to form dimers upon protein expression. Parasitol Res. 2000;86:431-5.
9. Peacock CS, Seeger K, Harris D, Murphy L, Ruiz JC, Quail MA, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse human disease. Nat Genet. 2007;39:839-47.
10. Muskus, C, Segura I, Oddone R, Turco SJ, Leiby DA, Toro L, et al. Carbohydrate and LPG expression in Leishmania Viannia subgenus. J Parasitol. 1997;83: 671-8.
11. Hommel M, Jaffe CL, Travi B, Milon G. Experimental models for leishmaniasis and for testing anti-leishmanial vaccines. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1995;89(Suppl.1):55-73.
12. Henao HH, Osorio Y, Saravia NG, Gómez A, Travi B. Eficacia y toxicidad de los antimoniales pentavalentes (Glucantime® y Pentostam®) en un modelo animal de leishmaniasis cutánea americana: aplicación de la luminometría. Biomédica. 2004;24:393-402.
13. Britto C, Ravel C, Bastien P, Blaineau C, Pages M, Dedet JP, et al. Conserved linkage groups associated with large-scale chromosomal rearrangements between Old World and New World Leishmania genomes. Gene. 1998;222:107-17.
14. Robinson KA, Beverley SM. Improvements in transfection efficiency and tests of RNA interference (RNAi) approaches in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2003;128:217-28.
15. Flinn HM, Rangarajan D, Smith DF. Expression of hydrophilic surface protein in infective stages of Leish-mania major. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1994;65:259-70.
16. Pimenta PF, Pinto da Silva P, Rangarajan D, Smith DF, Sacks DL. Leishmania major: association of the differentially expressed gene B protein and the surface lipophosphoglycan as revealed by membrane capping. Exp Parasitol. 1994;79:468-79.
17. Rangarajan D, Gokool S, McCrossan MV, Smith DF. The gene B protein localise to the surface of Leishmania major parasites in the absence of metacyclic stage lipophosphoglycan. J Cell Sci. 1995; 108:3359-66.
18. Jensen AT, Gaafar A, Ismail A, Christensen CB, Kemp M, Hassan AM, et al. Serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a peptide sequence from gene B protein. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;55:490-5.
19. Jensen AT, Gasim S, Moller T, Ismail A, Gaafar A, Kemp M, et al. Serodiagnosis of Leishmania donovani infections: assessment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant L. donovani gene B protein (GBP) and a peptide sequence of L. donovani GBP. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:157-60.
20. Stager S, Smith DF, Kaye PM. Immunization with a recombinant stage-regulated surface protein from Leishmania donovani induces protection against visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol. 2000;165:7064-71.
21. Medina-Acosta E, Cross G. Rapid isolation of DNA from trypanonosomatid protozoa using a simple "mini-prep" procedure. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1993;59:327-9.
22. Bhatia A, Daifalla NS, Jen S, Badaro R, Reed SG, Skeiky YA. Cloning, characterization and serological evaluation of K9 and K26: two related hydrophilic antigens of Leishmania chagasi. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999;102:249-61.
23. Alce TM, Gokool S, McGhie D, Stager S, Smith DF. Expression of hydrophilic surface proteins in infective stages of Leishmania donovani. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1999;102:191-6.
24. Lainson R, Shaw JJ. Evolution, classification and geographical distribution. In: Peters W, Killick-Kendrick R, editors. The leishmaniases in biology and medicine. London: Academic Press; 1987. p. 1-120.
25. Folgueira C, Canavate C, Chicharro C, Requena JM. Genomic organization and expression of the HSP70 locus in New and Old World Leishmania species. Parasitology. 2007;134:369-77.
26. Smith DF, Peacock CS, Cruz AK. Comparative genomics: from genotype to disease phenotype in the leishmaniases. Int J Parasitol. 2007;37:1173-86.
27. Eschenlauer SC, Coombs GH, Mottram JC. PFPI-like genes are expressed in Leishmania major but are pseudogenes in other Leishmania species. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006;260:47-54.
28. Denny PW, Gokool S, Russell D, Field M, Smith D. Acylation-dependent protein export in Leishmania. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:11017-25.
29. McKean PG, Denny PW, Knuepfer E, Keen JK, Smith DF. Phenotypic changes associated with deletion and overexpression of a stage-regulated gene family in Leishmania. Cell Microbiol. 2001;3:511-23.
30. McKean PG, Trenholme KR, Rangarajan D, Keen J, Smith DF. Diversity in repeat-containing surface proteins of Leishmania major. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1997;86:225-35.
How to Cite
1.
Marín M, Aguilar YA, Ramírez JR, Triana O, Muskus CE. Molecular and immunological analyses suggest the absence of hydrophilic surface proteins in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis. Biomed. [Internet]. 2008 Sep. 1 [cited 2025 Apr. 12];28(3):423-32. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/80
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2008-09-01
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