Expression of IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-γ in active skin lesions of children with papular urticaria
Keywords:
urticaria, cytokines, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, gamma interferon
Abstract
Introduction: Papular urticaria caused by the bites of fleas traditionally has been defined as a chronic allergic disease. However, currently no clear relationship has been described between this pathology and common allergic diseases.
Objective: The expression of IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-γ as markers of effector T cell responses was examined in skin lesions of patients with papular urticaria by flea bite.
Materials and methods: Fourteen skin lesion biopsies were sampled from children with a clinical diagnosis of papular urticaria by flea bite and were compared with 5 healthy skin biopsies of children with no history of the disease. All children were under 12 years old. RNA was extracted with trizol and the expression levels of cytokines were analyzed by real time PCR technique.
Results: A wide range in the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 was noted as well as constant low values of IL-4. Three distinct profiles were observed, but which did not correspond to a recognizable pattern among the patients. The samples obtained from healthy tissues showed no expression of any of the cytokines.
Conclusions: This is the first characterization of cytokines that mediate the immune response at the site of the skin lesion in children with papular urticaria by flea bite. The data indicated that the local response was mixed and that a single phenotype is not predominant among the patients.
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References
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14. Matsushita S, Takagi R, Hashimoto K, Higashi T. Qualitative evaluation of adjuvant activities and its application to Th2/17 diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155(Suppl.1):2-5.
15. Larsen JM, Bonefeld CM, Poulsen SS, Geisler C, Skov L. IL-23 and T(H)17-mediated inflammation in human allergic contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123:486-92.
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17. Reefer AJ, Satinover SM, Solga MD, Lannigan JA, Nguyen JT, Wilson BB, et al. Analysis of CD25hiCD4+ "regulatory" T-cell subtypes in atopic dermatitis reveals a novel T(H)2-like population. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:415-22.
18. Bluestone J, Mackay C, O´Shea J, Stockinger B. The functional plasticity of T cell subsets. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9:811-6.
19. Probst P, Küntzlin D, Fleischer B. TH2-type infiltrating T cells in nickel-induced contact dermatitis. Cell Immunol. 1995;165:134-40.
20. Kapsenberg ML, Wierenga EA, Stiekema FE, Tiggelman AM, Bos JD. Th1 lymphokine production profiles of nickelspecific CD4+T-lymphocyte clones from nickel contact allergic and non-allergic individuals. J Invest Dermatol. 1992;98:59-63.
21. Hamid Q, Boguniewicz M, Leung DY. Differential in situ cytokine gene expression in acute versus chronic atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:870-6.
22. Akdis M, Verhagen J, Taylor A, Karamloo F, Karagiannidis C, Crameri R, et al. Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 2004;199:1567-75.
23. Francis J, Hill S, Durham S. Induction of IL-10+CD4+CD25+ T cells by grass polen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1255-81.
24. Jutel M, Akdis M, Budak F, Aebischer-Casaulta C, Wrzyszcz M, Blazer K, et al. IL-10 and TGFβ cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33:1205-14.
2. Cuéllar A, Rodríguez A, Halpert E, Rojas F, Gómez A, Rojas A, et al. Specific pattern of flea antigen recognition by IgG subclass and IgE during the progression of papular urticaria caused by flea bite. Allergol Immunopathol. 2010;38:197-202.
3. Cuéllar A, Rodríguez A, Rojas F, Halpert E, Gómez A, García E. Differential Th1/Th2 balance in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients suffering from flea biteinduced papular urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madrid). 2009;37:7-10.
4. Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem.1987;162:156-9.
5. Giulietti A, Overbergh L, Valckx D, Decallonne B, Bouillon R, Mathieu C. An overview of real-time quantitative PCR: Applications to quantify cytokine gene expression. Methods. 2001;25:386-401.
6. Bilsborough J, Leung D, Maurer M, Howell M, Boguniewcz M, Yao L, et al. IL-31 is associated with cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin homing T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Alllergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:418-25.
7. Thomas D. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:1101-8.
8. Roggen EL, Lindstedt M, Borrebaeck C, Verheyen GR. Interactions between dendritic cells and epithelial cells in allergic disease. Toxicol Lett. 2006;162:71-82.
9. Clark RA, Chong B, Mirchandani N, Brinster NK, Yamanaka K, Dowgiert RK, et al. The vast majority of CLA+ T cells are resident in normal skin. J. Immunol. 2006;176:4431-9.
10. Berg D, Otley CC. Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:1-17.
11. Coffman RL, Carty J. A T cell activity that enhances polyclonal IgE production and its inhibition by interferongamma. J Immunol. 1986;136:949-54.
12. Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol. 1986;136:2348-57.
13. Teraki Y, Picker LJ. Independent regulation of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen expression and cytokine synthesis phenotype during human CD4+ memory T cell differentiation. J Immunol. 1997;159:6018-29.
14. Matsushita S, Takagi R, Hashimoto K, Higashi T. Qualitative evaluation of adjuvant activities and its application to Th2/17 diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155(Suppl.1):2-5.
15. Larsen JM, Bonefeld CM, Poulsen SS, Geisler C, Skov L. IL-23 and T(H)17-mediated inflammation in human allergic contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123:486-92.
16. Braga M, Quecchia C, Cavallucci E, Di Giampaolo L, Schiavone C, Petrarca C, et al. T regulatory cells in allergy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011;24(Suppl.):55S-64S.
17. Reefer AJ, Satinover SM, Solga MD, Lannigan JA, Nguyen JT, Wilson BB, et al. Analysis of CD25hiCD4+ "regulatory" T-cell subtypes in atopic dermatitis reveals a novel T(H)2-like population. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121:415-22.
18. Bluestone J, Mackay C, O´Shea J, Stockinger B. The functional plasticity of T cell subsets. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9:811-6.
19. Probst P, Küntzlin D, Fleischer B. TH2-type infiltrating T cells in nickel-induced contact dermatitis. Cell Immunol. 1995;165:134-40.
20. Kapsenberg ML, Wierenga EA, Stiekema FE, Tiggelman AM, Bos JD. Th1 lymphokine production profiles of nickelspecific CD4+T-lymphocyte clones from nickel contact allergic and non-allergic individuals. J Invest Dermatol. 1992;98:59-63.
21. Hamid Q, Boguniewicz M, Leung DY. Differential in situ cytokine gene expression in acute versus chronic atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:870-6.
22. Akdis M, Verhagen J, Taylor A, Karamloo F, Karagiannidis C, Crameri R, et al. Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells. J Exp Med. 2004;199:1567-75.
23. Francis J, Hill S, Durham S. Induction of IL-10+CD4+CD25+ T cells by grass polen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1255-81.
24. Jutel M, Akdis M, Budak F, Aebischer-Casaulta C, Wrzyszcz M, Blazer K, et al. IL-10 and TGFβ cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33:1205-14.
How to Cite
1.
García E, Duarte S, Calderón C, González JM, Cuéllar A, Gómez A, et al. Expression of IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-γ in active skin lesions of children with papular urticaria. Biomed. [Internet]. 2011 Jun. 30 [cited 2025 Apr. 4];31(4):525-31. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/410
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