Enteric Gram negative rods and unfermented of glucose bacteria in patients with peri-implant disease
Keywords:
Gram-negative bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, mucositis, dental implants, periodontitis
Abstract
Introduction. Implants can be colonized by microorganisms from oral biofilms and may affect peri-implant tissues health. Among these bacteria, pathogens typically associated with periodontitis can be found, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as Gram negative enteric bacilli not typically associated with periodontal diseases.Objective. Superinfecting bacteria were characterized from peri-implant lesions in patients with history of periodontitis.
Materials and methods. Sixty-eight implants were studied in 55 patients; the average patient age was 56 years. Forty-nine implants had peri-implant lesions and 19 were considered stable. Subgingival samples were obtained in affected and stable implants. The samples were streaked on Mac-Conkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The colonies were identified with the kit-BD BBL Crystal E/NF®.
Results. Superinfecting organisms were detected in 20 patients--they were seen more frequently at diseased implants (n=15) than at healthy implants (n=5). The prevalence of superinfecting bacteria on the selected implants was 33.8% (n=23/68). These bacteria were more prevalent among affected implants (n=17 or 25%) than those with stable implants n=6 (8.8%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent Gram negative rod detected (n=12).
Conclusions. One-third of the implants had superinfecting organisms. Implants with a peri-implant lesion had a higher frequency of superinfecting bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common superinfecting organism isolated. A multiple infection caused by superinfecting bacteria was present only at diseased implants. These microbial agents potentially affect implant stability.
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References
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12. Botero JE, González AM, Mercado RA, Olave G, Contreras A. Subgingival microbiota in peri-implant mucosa lesions and adjacent teeth in partially endentulous patients. J Periodontol. 2005;76:1490-5.
13. Alcoforado GA, Rams TE, Feik D, Slots J. Microbial aspects of failing osseointegrated dental implants in humans. J Parodontol. 1991;10:11-8.
14. Rams TE, Link CC. Microbiology of failing dental implants in humans: Electron microscopic observations. J Oral Implantol. 1983;11:93-100.
15. Mombelli A, van Oosten MAC, Schurch E, Lang NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987;2:145-51.
16. Nakou M, Mikxs FH, Oosterwaal PJ, Kruijsen JC. Early colonization of permucosal implants in edentulous patients. J Dent Res. 1987;66:1654-57.
17. Helovuo H, Hakkarainen K, Paunio K. Changes in the prevalence of subgingival enteric rods, staphylococci and yeasts after treatment with penicillin and erythromycin. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1993;13:390-3.
18. Slots J, Rams T, Listgarten M. Yeast, enteric rods and pseudomonads in the subgingival flora of severe adult periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990;5:29-32.
19. Arakawa Y. Genomic organization and regulation of cps cluster that is involved in synthesis of capsular polysaccharide as a virulence factor of Klebsiella pneumonia. Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi. 1994;49:455-63.
20. Lynch JP. Burkholderia cepacia complex: Impact on the cystic fibrosis lung lesion. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;30:596-610.
21. Claffey N, Clarke E, Polyzois I, Renvert S. Surgical treatment of periimplantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(Suppl.8):316-32.
2. Quirynen M, Teughels. Microbiologically compromised patients and impact on oral implants. Periodontol 2000. 2003;33:119-28.
3. López L. Infecciones relacionadas con los implantes dentarios. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2008;26:589-92.
4. Jovanovic S. The management of peri-implant breakdown around functioning osseointegrated dental implants. J Periodontol. 1993;64:1176-83.
5. Heitz-Mayfield LJ. Peri-implant diseases: Diagnosis and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(Suppl.8):292-304.
6. Leonhardt A, Renvert S, Dahlén G. Microbial findings at failing implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1999;10:339-45.
7. George K, Zafiropoulos GG, Murat Y, Hubertus S, Nisengard RJ. Clinical and microbiological status of osseointegrated implants. J Periodontol. 1994;65:766-70.
8. Mombelli A, Buseer D, Lang NP. Colonization of osseointegrated titanium implants in edentulous patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1998;3:113-20.
9. Betancourt M, Arce R, Botero J, Jaramillo A, Cruz C, Contreras A. Microorganismos poco usuales en surcos y bolsas periodontales. Colombia Médica. 2006;37:6-14.
10. Pye AD, Lockhart DE, Dawson MP, Murray CA, Smith AJ. A review of dental implants and infection. J Hosp Infect. 2009;72:104-10.
11. Mombelli A. Microbiological features of stable osseointegrated implants used as abutments for overdentures. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1990;1:1-7.
12. Botero JE, González AM, Mercado RA, Olave G, Contreras A. Subgingival microbiota in peri-implant mucosa lesions and adjacent teeth in partially endentulous patients. J Periodontol. 2005;76:1490-5.
13. Alcoforado GA, Rams TE, Feik D, Slots J. Microbial aspects of failing osseointegrated dental implants in humans. J Parodontol. 1991;10:11-8.
14. Rams TE, Link CC. Microbiology of failing dental implants in humans: Electron microscopic observations. J Oral Implantol. 1983;11:93-100.
15. Mombelli A, van Oosten MAC, Schurch E, Lang NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987;2:145-51.
16. Nakou M, Mikxs FH, Oosterwaal PJ, Kruijsen JC. Early colonization of permucosal implants in edentulous patients. J Dent Res. 1987;66:1654-57.
17. Helovuo H, Hakkarainen K, Paunio K. Changes in the prevalence of subgingival enteric rods, staphylococci and yeasts after treatment with penicillin and erythromycin. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1993;13:390-3.
18. Slots J, Rams T, Listgarten M. Yeast, enteric rods and pseudomonads in the subgingival flora of severe adult periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990;5:29-32.
19. Arakawa Y. Genomic organization and regulation of cps cluster that is involved in synthesis of capsular polysaccharide as a virulence factor of Klebsiella pneumonia. Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi. 1994;49:455-63.
20. Lynch JP. Burkholderia cepacia complex: Impact on the cystic fibrosis lung lesion. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;30:596-610.
21. Claffey N, Clarke E, Polyzois I, Renvert S. Surgical treatment of periimplantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(Suppl.8):316-32.
How to Cite
1.
Consuegra J, Gutiérrez SJ, Jaramillo A, Sanz I, Olave G, Soto JE, et al. Enteric Gram negative rods and unfermented of glucose bacteria in patients with peri-implant disease. Biomed. [Internet]. 2011 Apr. 16 [cited 2026 Jan. 13];31(1):21-6. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/332
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