Evaluation of a rapid water-surface sweeping method to curately estimate numbers of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) late larval stages in large water-storage containers: comparison with pupal estimates
Keywords:
Aedes aegypti, estimation techniques, dengue virus
Abstract
Introduction. Since the methodologies used to calculate Stegomyia indices have been shown to be inadequate for assessing the risk of dengue virus transmission and targeting Aedes aegypti control strategies, new surveillance methods are needed.Objective. To evaluate the water-surface sweeping method in combination with calibration factors to estimate the total number of Ae. aegypti late larval stages (L3/L4) in large water-storage containers at different temperatures at which transmission of dengue virus occurs.
Materials and methods. Calibration factors were derived based on the proportion of L3/L4 recovered from a predetermined number of larvae using a net of specific dimensions and water-storage containers of different capacities and water levels in semi-field conditions and at four different altitudes (14, 358, 998 and 1,630 meters above sea level). The calibration factors obtained at 14 masl were then fully validated in a field study site at this altitude.
Results. Four calibration factors were derived at 14 masl (28-30°C) that were used to estimate the total L3/L4 numbers in large water storage containers greater than 20 L (n=478) at 1/3, 2/3 and full water-levels. This methodology was accurate and robust within and between the 10 pairs of field workers who applied it. Different calibration factors were, however, derived to accurately estimate the total L3/L4 numbers at each of the study sites located at 358, 998 and 1,630 masl, where average temperatures were 19°C, 24°C, and 26°C respectively.
Conclusions. The accurate estimates of L3/L4 numbers calculated using the water surface sweeping method can be useful for evaluating intervention strategies directed against the larval stages.
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References
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10. Knox TB, Yen NT, Nam VS, Gatton ML, Kay BH, Ryan PA. Critical evaluation of quantitative sampling methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures in water storage containers in Vietnam. J Med Entomol. 2007;44:192-204.
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2. Romero-Vivas CM, Arango-Padilla P, Falconar AK. Pupal-productivity surveys to identify the key container habitats of Aedes aegypti assessed by an improved method of surveillance and analysis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2006:100 (Suppl. 1):S87-S95.
3. Romero-Vivas CM, Wheeler JG, Falconar AK. An inexpensive intervention for the control of larval Aedes aegypti assessed by an improved method of surveillance and analysis. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2002;18:40-6.
4. Focks DA, Brenner RJ, Hayes J, Daniels E. Transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of Aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts. Am J Trop Med. 2000;62:11-8.
5. Romero-Vivas CM, Falconar AK. Investigation of relationships between Aedes aegypti egg, larvae, pupae, and adult density indices where their main breeding sites were located indoors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2005;21:15-21.
6. Focks DA. A review of entomological sampling methods and indicators for dengue vectors. Document WHO/TDR/IDE/Den/03.1. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
7. Focks DA, Chadee DD. Pupal survey: an epidemiologically significant surveillance method for Aedes aegypti: an example using data from Trinidad. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;56:159-67.
8. Nathan MB, Focks DA, Kroeger A. Pupal/demographic surveys to inform dengue-vector control. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2006;100 (Suppl. 1):S1-S3.
9. Romero-Vivas CM, Llinás H, Falconar AK. Three calibration factors, applied to a rapid sweeping method, can accurately estimate Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) pupal numbers in large water-storage containers at all temperatures at which Dengue virus transmission occurs. J Med Entomol. 2007;44:930-7.
10. Knox TB, Yen NT, Nam VS, Gatton ML, Kay BH, Ryan PA. Critical evaluation of quantitative sampling methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures in water storage containers in Vietnam. J Med Entomol. 2007;44:192-204.
11. Tun-Lin W, Kay BH, Burkot TR. Quantitative sampling of immature Aedes aegypti in metal drums using sweep net and dipping methods. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1994;10:390-6.
12. Kubota RL, de Brito M, Voltolini JC. Sweeping method to scan breeding places for dengue and urban yellow fever vectors. Rev Saude Publica. 2003;37:263-5.
13. Duhrkpf RE, Benny H. Differences in the larval alarm reaction in populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. J Am Mosq Control. 1990; 6:411-4.
How to Cite
1.
Romero CM, Llinás H, Falconar AK. Evaluation of a rapid water-surface sweeping method to curately estimate numbers of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) late larval stages in large water-storage containers: comparison with pupal estimates. Biomed. [Internet]. 2010 Aug. 4 [cited 2025 Apr. 4];30(2):268-75. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/190
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