Viability and spatial structuring in a Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) laboratory colony fed with human blood
Keywords:
Triatoma, adaptation, biological, sex characteristics, survival, reproduction, Chagas disease
Abstract
Introduction. Immature and adult forms of Triatoma maculata have been captured repeatedly in and around the homes in the town of Xaguas, Venezuela. Because of its potential as a Chagas disease vector, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of human blood feeding on the viability and spatial structuring of a laboratory colony of this species .Objective. The effect of human blood feeding was determined for the viability of a T. maculata laboratory colony, as well as its spatial structuring.
Material and methods. Insects were fed with human blood on artificial feeder. Spatial structuring was undertaken by the generalized analysis of by geometric morphometry.
Results. The average fecundity of 27.7 eggs/female/lifetime was found, with a mean time to oviposition of 32.7 days, and a female longevity of 39.2 days. The longest inter-molt period was at the fifth nymphal stage (45.9 days), whereas the shortest was at 18.4 days, during the first nymphal stage. The highest mortality of nymphs was observed at the fifth nymphal stage (77.8%). The lowest molting percentage was observed in the fifth nymphal stage (22.2%). No differences in the size of wings and heads were detectable; although differences in the head shape of individuals of the same sex from different environments were noted. Wing-shape differences were found only between the males of peridomestic and domestic ecotopes.
Conclusions. Triatoma maculata may be entering human dwellings to feed on non-human animals, or alternatively, may be in an incipient state of adaptation to a domestic ecotope for feeding on human beings.
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References
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5. Rojas M, Várquez P, Villarreal M, Velandia C, Vergara L, Morán Y, et al. Estudio seroepidemiológico y entomológico sobre la enfermedad de Chagas en un área infestada por Triatoma maculata (Erichson 1848) en el centro-occidente de Venezuela. Cad Saúde Publica. 2008;24:2323-33.
6. Pifano F. La epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en Venezuela. Arch Venez Med Trop Parasitol Med. 1973;5:171.
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8. Soto A, Rodríguez C, Bonfante-Cabarca R, Aldana E. Morfometría geométrica de Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) de ambientes doméstico y peridoméstico, estado Lara, Venezuela. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 2007;47:231-5.
9. Briceño ZM, Gil A, Giménez EZ, Álvarez CR, Superlano Y, Aldana E, et al. Importancia de Triatoma maculata y Pastrongylus geniculatus en la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas en el Estado Lara. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://www.ucla.edu.ve/dmedicin/postgrado/CCT-UCLA/RESUMEN-%2077%20-%20DM%20-%20Brice%C3%B1o%20-%20Gil%20-%20Gimenez%20-%20Alvarez%20-%20Ysma.pdf
10. Aché A. Programa de control de la enfermedad de Chagas en Venezuela. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 1993;33:11-22.
11. Dujardin JP, Bermúdez H, Schofield CJ. Metric differences between sylvatic and domestic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Bolivia. J Med Entomol. 1997;34:544-51.
12. Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ, Tibayrenc M. Population structure of Andean Triatoma infestans allozyme frequencies and their epidemiological relevance. Med Vet Entomol. 1998;12:20-9.
13. Dujardin JP, Steindel M, Chávez T, Machane M, Schofield CJ. Changes in the sexual dimorphism of Triatominae in the transition from natural to artificial habitats. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1999;94:565-9.
14. Jaramillo N, Castillo D, Wolf M. Geometric morphometric differences between Panstrongylus geniculatus from field and laboratory. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002;97:667-73.
15. Villegas J, Feliciangeli MD, Dujardin JP. Wing shape divergence between Rhodnius prolixus from Cojedes (Venezuela) and Rhodnius robustus from Mérida (Venezuela). Infect Genet Evol. 2002;2:121-8.
16. Vargas E, Espitia C, Patiño C, Pinto N, Aguilera G, Jaramillo C, et al. Genetic structure of Triatoma venosa (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): molecular and morphometric evidence. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101:39-45.
17. Schachter-Broide J, Dujardin JP, Kitron U, Gürtler RE. Spatial structuring of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) populations from Northwestern Argentina using wing geometric morphometry. J Med Entomol. 2004;4:643-9.
18. Aldana E, Otalora F, Abramson C. A new apparatus to study behavior of triatomines under laboratory conditions. Psychol Rep. 2005;96:825-32.
19. Lent H, Wygodzinsky P. Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their significance as vector as Chagas´ disease. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 1979;163:123-520.
20. Bookstein F. Morphometric tools for landmark data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1991. p. 63.
21. Rohlf FJ. TPSdig, Version 1.18. New York: Department of Ecology and Eevolution State, University of New York Stony Brook; 2006. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/index.html
22. Dujardin JP. MOG (morfometría geométrica) versión 0.71. Montpellier-France: Institut de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD); 2005. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008]. Disponible en: http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/index.html
23. Hammer Ø, Harper DA, Ryan PD. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electrónica. 2001;4:9. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm
24. Dujardin JP. PAD versión 82. Montpellier-France: Institut de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD); 2006. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008]. Disponible en:http://www.mpl.ird.fr/morphometrics/
25. Espinola H, Rodríguez F, de Bermúdez M, Tonn R. Informaciones sobre la biología y el ciclo de vida de Triatoma maculata (Erichson,1848) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae,Triatominae), en condiciones de laboratorio. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 1981;21:141-2.
26. Feliciangeli MD, Rabinovich J. Vital statistics of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions. II Triatoma maculata. J Med Entomol. 1985;22:43-8.
27. Luitgards-Moura J, Vargas A, Almeida C, Magno-Esperança G, Agapito-Souza R, Folly-Ramos E, et al. A Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) population from Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, has some bionomic characteristics of a potential Chagas disease vector. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 2005;47:131-7.
28. Silva I, Fernandes F, Silva H. Influência da temperatura na biologia de triatomíneos. XX. Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). Rev Patol Trop. 1995;24:49-54.
29. Canale D, Jurberg J, Carcavallo R, Galvão C, Girón I, Segura C, et al. Bionomics of some species. En: Carcavallo RU, Galíndez-Girón I, Jurberg J, Lent H, editors. Atlas dos vetores da doença de Chagas nas Américas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz; 1998. p. 839-90.
30. Aldana E, Lizano E. Índice de defecación y éxito reproductivo de Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en condiciones de laboratorio. Rev Biol Trop. 2004;52:927-30.
31. Abrahan L, Hernández L, Gorla D, Catalá S. Phenotypic diversity of Triatoma infestans at the microgeographic level in the Gran Chaco of Argentina and the Andean valleys of Bolivia. J Med Entomol. 2008;45:660-6.
2. Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Alcaldía Mayor de Caracas, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel, Alcaldía del Municipio Chacao, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, et al. Vigilancia de enfermedad de Chagas. Guía para el diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento de enfermedad de Chagas en fase aguda a nivel de los establecimientos de salud. Primera edición. Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud; 2007. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://piel-l.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/183/chagas-mpps-venezuela-2007.doc
3. Feliciangeli M, Carrasco H, Patterson J, Suárez B, Martínez C, Medina M. Mixed domestic infestation by Rhodnius prolixus stäl, 1859 and Panstrongylus geniculatus Latreille, 1811, vector incrimination, and seroprevalence for Trypanosoma cruzi among inhabitants in El Guamito, Lara State, Venezuela. Am J Med Hyg. 2004;71:501-5.
4. Feliciangeli M, Sánchez M, Marrero R, Davies CY, Dujardin PJ. Morphometric evidence for a possible role of Rhodnius prolixus from palm trees in house re-infestation in the State of Barinas (Venezuela). Acta Trop. 2007;101:169-77.
5. Rojas M, Várquez P, Villarreal M, Velandia C, Vergara L, Morán Y, et al. Estudio seroepidemiológico y entomológico sobre la enfermedad de Chagas en un área infestada por Triatoma maculata (Erichson 1848) en el centro-occidente de Venezuela. Cad Saúde Publica. 2008;24:2323-33.
6. Pifano F. La epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en Venezuela. Arch Venez Med Trop Parasitol Med. 1973;5:171.
7. Tonn R, Otero M, Mora E, Espinola H, Carcavallo R. Aspectos biológicos, ecológicos y distribución geográfica de Triatoma maculata (Erichson,1848), (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) en Venezuela. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 1978;18:16-24.
8. Soto A, Rodríguez C, Bonfante-Cabarca R, Aldana E. Morfometría geométrica de Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) de ambientes doméstico y peridoméstico, estado Lara, Venezuela. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 2007;47:231-5.
9. Briceño ZM, Gil A, Giménez EZ, Álvarez CR, Superlano Y, Aldana E, et al. Importancia de Triatoma maculata y Pastrongylus geniculatus en la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas en el Estado Lara. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://www.ucla.edu.ve/dmedicin/postgrado/CCT-UCLA/RESUMEN-%2077%20-%20DM%20-%20Brice%C3%B1o%20-%20Gil%20-%20Gimenez%20-%20Alvarez%20-%20Ysma.pdf
10. Aché A. Programa de control de la enfermedad de Chagas en Venezuela. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 1993;33:11-22.
11. Dujardin JP, Bermúdez H, Schofield CJ. Metric differences between sylvatic and domestic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Bolivia. J Med Entomol. 1997;34:544-51.
12. Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ, Tibayrenc M. Population structure of Andean Triatoma infestans allozyme frequencies and their epidemiological relevance. Med Vet Entomol. 1998;12:20-9.
13. Dujardin JP, Steindel M, Chávez T, Machane M, Schofield CJ. Changes in the sexual dimorphism of Triatominae in the transition from natural to artificial habitats. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1999;94:565-9.
14. Jaramillo N, Castillo D, Wolf M. Geometric morphometric differences between Panstrongylus geniculatus from field and laboratory. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002;97:667-73.
15. Villegas J, Feliciangeli MD, Dujardin JP. Wing shape divergence between Rhodnius prolixus from Cojedes (Venezuela) and Rhodnius robustus from Mérida (Venezuela). Infect Genet Evol. 2002;2:121-8.
16. Vargas E, Espitia C, Patiño C, Pinto N, Aguilera G, Jaramillo C, et al. Genetic structure of Triatoma venosa (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): molecular and morphometric evidence. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101:39-45.
17. Schachter-Broide J, Dujardin JP, Kitron U, Gürtler RE. Spatial structuring of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) populations from Northwestern Argentina using wing geometric morphometry. J Med Entomol. 2004;4:643-9.
18. Aldana E, Otalora F, Abramson C. A new apparatus to study behavior of triatomines under laboratory conditions. Psychol Rep. 2005;96:825-32.
19. Lent H, Wygodzinsky P. Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their significance as vector as Chagas´ disease. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 1979;163:123-520.
20. Bookstein F. Morphometric tools for landmark data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1991. p. 63.
21. Rohlf FJ. TPSdig, Version 1.18. New York: Department of Ecology and Eevolution State, University of New York Stony Brook; 2006. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/index.html
22. Dujardin JP. MOG (morfometría geométrica) versión 0.71. Montpellier-France: Institut de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD); 2005. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008]. Disponible en: http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/index.html
23. Hammer Ø, Harper DA, Ryan PD. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electrónica. 2001;4:9. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008. Disponible en: http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm
24. Dujardin JP. PAD versión 82. Montpellier-France: Institut de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD); 2006. Fecha de consulta: marzo de 2008]. Disponible en:http://www.mpl.ird.fr/morphometrics/
25. Espinola H, Rodríguez F, de Bermúdez M, Tonn R. Informaciones sobre la biología y el ciclo de vida de Triatoma maculata (Erichson,1848) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae,Triatominae), en condiciones de laboratorio. Bol Dir Malariol Saneam Ambient. 1981;21:141-2.
26. Feliciangeli MD, Rabinovich J. Vital statistics of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions. II Triatoma maculata. J Med Entomol. 1985;22:43-8.
27. Luitgards-Moura J, Vargas A, Almeida C, Magno-Esperança G, Agapito-Souza R, Folly-Ramos E, et al. A Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) population from Roraima, Amazon region, Brazil, has some bionomic characteristics of a potential Chagas disease vector. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 2005;47:131-7.
28. Silva I, Fernandes F, Silva H. Influência da temperatura na biologia de triatomíneos. XX. Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). Rev Patol Trop. 1995;24:49-54.
29. Canale D, Jurberg J, Carcavallo R, Galvão C, Girón I, Segura C, et al. Bionomics of some species. En: Carcavallo RU, Galíndez-Girón I, Jurberg J, Lent H, editors. Atlas dos vetores da doença de Chagas nas Américas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz; 1998. p. 839-90.
30. Aldana E, Lizano E. Índice de defecación y éxito reproductivo de Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en condiciones de laboratorio. Rev Biol Trop. 2004;52:927-30.
31. Abrahan L, Hernández L, Gorla D, Catalá S. Phenotypic diversity of Triatoma infestans at the microgeographic level in the Gran Chaco of Argentina and the Andean valleys of Bolivia. J Med Entomol. 2008;45:660-6.
How to Cite
1.
Torres K, Avendaño-Rangel F, Lizano E, Rojas M, Rodríguez-Bonfante C, Bonfante-Cabarcas R, et al. Viability and spatial structuring in a Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) laboratory colony fed with human blood. Biomed. [Internet]. 2010 Mar. 1 [cited 2025 Apr. 4];30(1):72-81. Available from: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/155
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