Mechanisms involved in axonal growth promotion by olfactory bulb ensheathing cells

Abstract

Neuroplasticity promoted by olfactory ensheathing cells depends on the expression of several molecules during development, adult life and lesion repair. Diverse molecules including neurotrophins and associated receptors, cellular adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix molecules and molecules associated with myelinization are present in the olfactory system during development. Furthermore, their expression continues into adult life and appears to be associated with cellular replacement and the high degree of plasticity of the olfactory system. Olfactory ensheating cell migration, accompanying growing axons, is observed during development, and trasplanted glia cells enable the navigation of regenerating sensory sprouts through inhibitory gliotic tissue formed after lesion of the central nervous system. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into the neuroregenerative mechanisms and growth promoting properties of these cells.