Seroprevalencia de HCoV-NL63 y HCoV-HKU1 y su relación con las características clínicas de pacientes con COVID-19 de Villavicencio, Colombia

Lida Carolina Lesmes-Rodríguez, Luz Natalia Pedraza-Castillo, Dumar Alexander Jaramillo-Hernández, .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.7168
Palabras clave: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus NL63, human, betacoronavirus, immunoassay
Resumen Autores/as Descargas Referencias bibliográficas Cómo citar

Resumen

Introducción. Debido a la reactividad cruzada entre SARS-CoV-2 y los coronavirus humanos comunes, las infecciones previas con estos virus podrían contribuir a la protección cruzada serológica o celular contra la COVID-19 grave. Sin embargo, la inmunidad protectora puede no desarrollarse o la inmunidad preexistente podría generar COVID-19 grave.
Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a HCoV-NL63 y HCoVHKU1, y correlacionar su previa exposición con los signos de COVID-19 en pacientes de Villavicencio.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico y transversal. Se utilizó la técnica ELISA para buscar anticuerpos IgG contra HCoV-NL3 y HCoV-HKU1 en pacientes con resultado positivo de RT-qPCR para SARS-CoV-2. Los pacientes se agruparon según los signos de COVID-19 en cuatro grupos: grupo 1:
asintomáticos (n = 23); grupo 2: hospitalizados (n = 24); grupo 3: unidad de cuidados intensivos (n = 24), y grupo 4: fallecidos (n = 22).
Resultados. La seroprevalencia general de IgG anti-HCoV fue de 74.2 % (n = 69; IC95%: 65,3-83,1), con 66,7 % de HCoV-NL63 (n = 62; IC95% :57,1-76,2) y 25,8 % de HCoV-HKU1 (n = 24; [IC95%:16,9-34,7). Según el análisis de las tablas de contingencia, la exposición previa a HCoV-NL63 se asoció con protección de una COVID-19 grave (p = 0,042; OR ajustado = 0,159; IC95%: 0,027-0,938) y la previa coinfección de HCoV-NL63 y HCoV-HKU1 se asoció con padecimiento de signos clínicos graves por COVID-19 (p = 0,048; OR ajustado = 16,704; IC95%: 1,020- 73,670).
Conclusión. Según la literatura revisada hasta la fecha, este es el primer estudio sobre la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos IgG de HCoV en Colombia y Latinoamérica. La exposición previa a HCoV-NL63 podría proteger contra la COVID-19 grave, mientras que los pacientes con coinfección subyacente de HCoV-NL63 y HCoV-HKU1 podrían resultar hospitalizados con signos graves de COVID-19.

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  • Lida Carolina Lesmes-Rodríguez Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-0891
  • Luz Natalia Pedraza-Castillo Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-0525
  • Dumar Alexander Jaramillo-Hernández Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-1747

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Cómo citar
1.
Lesmes-Rodríguez LC, Pedraza-Castillo LN, Jaramillo-Hernández DA. Seroprevalencia de HCoV-NL63 y HCoV-HKU1 y su relación con las características clínicas de pacientes con COVID-19 de Villavicencio, Colombia. Biomed. [Internet]. 29 de agosto de 2024 [citado 4 de abril de 2025];44(3):340-54. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedicaorg.biteca.online/index.php/biomedica/article/view/7168
Publicado
2024-08-29
Número
Vol. 44 Núm. 3 (2024)
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